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Maintaining normal blood pH levels is crucial for proper physiological function because many biochemical and physiological processes in the body are highly pH-dependent. The optimal pH range for human blood is typically between 7.35 and 7.45. Within this narrow range, enzymatic activities, cellular metabolism, and the function of various proteins are optimized.

For instance, enzymes that catalyze reactions in the body have specific pH levels at which they function best; deviations from the normal pH can lead to decreased enzyme activity or even inactivation of these enzymes. Furthermore, acid-base balance is essential for the transport of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in the blood. An abnormal pH can lead to respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, which can severely disrupt cellular processes, affect the nervous system, and impair organ function.

In summary, maintaining normal blood pH levels is vital because it ensures that metabolic processes run smoothly, supports effective enzyme function, and maintains overall homeostasis in the body.